E faoa mea ma o latou faavasegaina. Alava mea e faoa

O nisi mea e faaaoga i masini ma matagaluega eletise eletise maua meatotino dielectric, i.e. se tetee maualuga i le taimi nei. O lenei tomai e mafai ai i latou e tauaveina a le taimi nei, ma o lea o loo faaaogaina i latou e faatupuina le faʻaʻesega o vaega ola. E faoa mea ua mamanuina e le gata mo le tuueseeseina o vaega ola, ae faapea foi mo le foafoaina o le puipuiga mai aafiaga matautia o loo i ai nei i le eletise. Mo se faataitaiga, o le mana maea o masini eletise ufitia i faʻaʻesega.

E faoa mea ma o latou talosaga

E talitali ai mea ua matuai faaaogaina i alamanuia, leitio ma meafaigaluega, atinae grids eletise. faagaoioiga masani o le eletise mea e alu po o le matagaluega saogalemu eletise e faalagolago tele lea i le faaaogaina dielectrics. O nisi o le faataamilosaga mea mo faʻaʻesega eletise, fuafuaina lona tulaga lelei ma le vaega.

O le faaaogaina o mea faʻaʻesega ona o tulafono o le saogalemu. O le faamaoni o le faʻaʻesega o le ki lea i le faagaoioiga saogalemu o le taimi nei eletise. Matautia e faaaoga mea faigaluega ma faaleagaina faʻaʻesega. E oo lava i se tamai eletise i le taimi nei e mafai ona maua ai se aafiaga i luga o le tagata tino.

meatotino dielectric

E talitali ai mea e tatau ona i ai fanua faapitoa ina ia mafai ona faatino ana galuega tauave. O le eseesega i le va o autu insulators mai conductors o le resistivity voluma tele (109-1020 ohm-cm). O le conductivity eletise o le conductors a faatusatusa atu i dielectrics faatasi i le 15 taimi. Lenei ua tatau ona totogi i le mea moni e faapea ua tuufaasolo insulators ni nai taimi laiti nai lo le saoloto ions ma electrons, lea e tuuina atu i le taimi nei conductivity mea. Ae ina ua vevela mea latou ma tetele, faapea ai le faateleina o conductivity nei.

Iloa meatotino dielectric Active ma e aunoa ma galuega. Faʻaʻesega meatotino e aunoa ma galuega e sili ona taua. O le faifai pea dielectric o le mea e tatau ona avea e pei o le itiiti e mafai ai. O lenei e mafai ai e le o sao le insulator i le matagaluega capacitance parasitic. Mo le mea o loo faaaogaina o se dielectric capacitor, o le faifai pea dielectric tatau ona avea, i luga o le ese mai ai, i le tele e mafai ai.

faaesea uiga

O le tapulaa autu e aofia ai faʻaʻesega malosi dielectric, patino tetee eletise, permittivity aiga, tulimanu leiloa dielectric. Pe a iloiloina meatotino eletise o le mea e manaomia ai foi i le tala o le faalagolago o nei uiga i luga o le tulaga faatauaina o le taimi nei eletise ma volitiga.

E talitali ai punaoa ma oloa maua a le maoae tele o le tetee i le eletise i le faatusatusa atu i le conductors ma semiconductors. E taua foi mo le tulaga mautu o le insulator ala i le susunuina aofaiga faapitoa, faateleina le volitiga ma isi suiga.

Faavasegaina mea dielectric

E faalagolago i luga o le tulaga i le taimi nei o loo tafe i le avetaavale, faaaoga ituaiga eseese o faʻaʻesega, lea e ese i lo latou gafatia.

E ala i mea o loo vaevaeina tapulaa mea e faoa? Faavasegaina dielectrics e faavae i lo latou tulaga o aggregation (malo, suavai ma gaseous) ma le amataga (faatulagaina: faalenatura ma gaosi, inorganic: faalenatura ma faafoliga). O le ituaiga taatele o dielectrics mautu, lea e mafai ona vaaia i luga o le maea o le aiga mea faigaluega po o se isi masini eletise.

dielectrics mausali ma le suavai, i le faasologa, ua vaevaeina i subgroups. e dielectrics mautu ie varnished, laminates ma ituaiga eseese o mica. Waxes, suauu ma kasa liquefied o mea suavaia e talitali ai. Faapitoa gaseous dielectrics o loo faaaogaina tele itiiti soo. O lenei ituaiga maua ai foi a insulator eletise faalenatura - ea. O lona faaaogaina e faalagolago e le gata i le uiga ea e faia ai se insulator sili ona lelei, ae faapea foi ona le lelei. O le faaaogaina o le ea e pei o le faʻaʻesega e le manaomia ai tupe faaalu faaopoopo mea.

dielectrics mautu

mea e faoa eletise mausali - o le vasega ona lautele o dielectrics, lea o loo faaaogaina i vaega eseese. Latou eseese meatotino vailaau, ma le taua a le Atumauga o tumau dielectric mai le 1 e 50,000.

ua vaevaeina dielectrics mausali i le lē polar, polar ma ferroelectrics. O lo latou eseesega autu o le polarization o le auala. O lenei vasega ua meatotino faʻaʻesega e pei o tetee vailaau, lē e Siaki, dendritostoykost. Vailaau tetee e faaalia i le tomai e tetee atu i le uunaiga a faigata ala o faasalalauga (acid, alkali, ma isi). e iloa ai pe Tregingostoykost tetee se loʻu eletise, ma dendritostoykost - i le faavaega o dendrites.

o loo faaaogaina dielectrics mautu i vaega eseese o le malosi. Mo se faataitaiga, o le mea keramika faoa sili ona masani ona faaaogaina e avea insulators linear ma feedthrough i substations. A o faʻaʻesega o masini eletise faaaoga pepa, polymers, alava tioata. Mo paints ona faaaoga masani masini ma masini, lotoa pepa malo.

Mo le faaaogaina i tulaga eseese faagaoioia o le faaesea tuuina nisi meatotino faapitoa i le tuufaatasia mea eseese: tetee vevela, susu tetee, leisa tetee ma tetee malulu. Vevela-tetee insulators mafai ona onosaia le vevela e oo atu i le 700 ° C, e aofia ai ipu ma mea e faaaoga i lo latou faavae, organosility ma nisi polymers. Tropicalized ma susu mea tetee o PTFE o lē hygroscopic ma hydrophobic.

Faʻaʻesega, e tetee atu i le leisa faaaoga i masini ma elemene atomika. E aofia ai ata tifaga inorganic, o nisi ituaiga o polymers, tioata alava ma mea e faavae i luga mica. manatu Hardy faʻaʻesega e le maumau ona meatotino i le vevela e oo atu i -90 ° C. manaoga faapitoa mo faʻaʻesega faamoemoe mo le masini e faagaoioia i le va po o lagona gaogao. Mo nei faamoemoega, e faaaoga lagona gaogao-mafiafia mea, lea e aofia ai ceramics faapitoa.

dielectrics suavaia

mea eletise e talitali ai vai e masani ona faaaoga i masini eletise ma meafaigaluega. O le transformer suauu o le matafaioi taaalo e le faʻaʻesega. K suāvai dielectric foi ona aofia ai kasa liquefied, vaseline unsaturated ma suauu paraffin, organopolysiloxanes, malie mai le vai (faamamaina mai masima ma mama).

O le uiga autu o dielectrics suavaia e faifai pea dielectric, malosi dielectric ma conductivity eletise. Foi, o le faataamilosaga eletise o dielectric e tele faalagolago i le tulaga o le faamamaina. e mafai ona faateleina mama mautu le conductivity eletise o vai ona o proliferation o saoloto ions ma electrons. Faamamaina o le suavai e ala i distillation, fesuiaiga Ion isi E taitai atu ai i se faateleina o le aofaiga o le malosi o le eletise o le mea, lea faaitiitia lona conductivity.

ua vaevaeina dielectrics suavai i vaega e tolu:

• suauu penisini;
• suauu fualaau faisua;
• vai gaosi.

O le suauu e sili ona faaaogaina e masani suauu e pei o transformer, keipo ma capacitor. suavaia gaosi (organosilicon ma organofluorine tuufaatasi) o loo faaaogaina foi i le le faia o pepa faaletulafono. Mo se faataitaiga, e malulu-e tetee ma silicone tuufaatasi Po ua hygroscopic, ina faaaoga o se insulator i laiti transformers, ae o lo latou tau e maualuga atu le tau o le suauu suauu.

e lē o faaaogāina suauu fualaau faisua e pei ona e faoa mea i tekinolosi faʻaʻesega eletise. E aofia ai castor, linseed, hemp, ma suauu Tung. O nei weakly polar mea o loo dielectrics ma o loo faaaogaina tele i le le faaautama o capacitors pepa ma mea ata tifaga-fausia i varnishes eletise, paints, enamels.

dielectrics gaseous

O le dielectrics gaseous sili ona taatele o le ea, nitrogen, hydrogen, ma hexafluoride teio. E talitali ai kasa ua vaevaeina i faalenatura ma faafoliga. O le popolega ea faalenatura, lea e faaaogā e pei faʻaʻesega va ola vaega o laina eletise ma taavale eletise. A o le ea isolator ua drawbacks ua le mafaia e faaaoga i hermetically faamauina masini. Ona o atu i le afioaga o le faasalaga maualuga o le okesene ea o se oxidant, ma o se malosiaga eletise maualalo o le ea o loo faaalia i fanua inhomogeneous.

I mana transformers o loo faaaogaina ma uaea volitiga maualuga nitrogen faʻaʻesega. Hydrogen ese electrically mea e talitali ai foi le faatusa a cooling faamalosia, o lea na faaaoga soo i masini eletise. Le iunite tau faamaufaailogaina sili ona masani faaaogaina hexafluoride teio. Faatumulia i le kasa e faia ai se masini ua masani saogalemu. E faaaogaina i soli matagaluega volitiga maualuga faafetai i le meatotino taofiofia loʻu.

dielectrics faatulagaina

Ua vaevaeina le mea faatulagaina e talitali ai i le lalolagi ma gaosi. Faalenatura dielectrics faatulagaina e nei seasea ona faaaoga, o lea e sili atu ma sili atu ona faalauteleina le tuuina atu o gaosi, ai le faaitiitia o latou tau.

O le dielectrics faatulagaina faalenatura aofia cellulose, paʻu, paraffin, fualaau faisua suauu (suauu castor). O le tele o dielectrics faatulagaina gaosi e uga eseese ma elastomers masani ona faaaoga i masini eletise aiga ma isi masini.

dielectrics inorganic

O le mea e faoa inorganic ua vaevaeina i faalenatura ma faafoliga. O le taatele o le natura faaletino o lona mica ua vailaau ma vevela le tulaga mautu. O loo faaaogaina foi mo faʻaʻesega phlogopite ma muscovite.

E dielectrics inorganic faafoliga aofia ai mea tioata faavae, faapea foi poselane ma ceramics. E faalagolago i luga o le talosaga, e mafai ona tuuina atu le dielectric faafoliga meatotino faapitoa. Mo se faataitaiga, mo bushings faaaogaina ceramics feldspathic, lea ei ai se tangent leiloa dielectric maualuga.

Alava mea e faoa

e masani ona faaaoga e le mea fibrous mo faʻaʻesega i apparatuses ma masini eletise. E aofia ai mea laau (paʻu, cellulose, ie), lavalava gaosi (nylon, nylon), ma mea polystyrene, polyamide, ma isi

O le mea fibrous faatulagaina e maualuga hygroscopic, o lea e seasea faaaogaina e aunoa ma se faaautama faapitoa.

Talu ai nei, ae le o le mea faatulagaina faaaogaina faʻaʻesega alava gaosi, lea ua i ai se tulaga maualuga o le tetee vevela. E aofia ai alava tioata ma asbestos. Glass alava impregnated ma varnishes eseese ma resins e faaleleia ai ana meatotino hydrophobic. le malosi ua maualalo mechanically alava asbestos, e masani lava ona e faaopoopo alava vavae.