Mataupu faatulagaina o latou uiga ma le faavasegaina

vailaau faatulagaina - e tuufaatasi nei ua aofia ai atoms o carbon. Pea i le amataga o le atinae o le kemisi, sa vaevaeina mea uma i ni vaega se lua: o minerale ma faatulagaina. I na taimi sa manatu ina ia synthesize mataupu faatulagaina e tatau ona e maua se mafaatusalia "ola malosi" e tulaga ese i se ola faiga moni. Lea o le tuufaatasia o le tuufaatasi faatulagaina mai le minerale mafai. E na o le i le senituri lona 19 anamua, mafaafitia manatu ma synthesized oi ai nei F. Weller urea mai cyanate ammonium, o lona uiga, ia maua le mataupu faatulagaina mai le minerale. Ona synthesized se numera o saienitisi chloroform, aniline, acetate acid ma le tele o isi tuufaatasi vailaau.

vailaau faatulagaina o le faavae o le i ai o le ola i mataupu, ma o le meaai faapipiiina mo tagata ma manu. Sili ona tuufaatasi faatulagaina o mea e masani ona maua mo alamanuia eseese - meaai, vailaau, malamalama, vailaau ma isi

I le taimi nei, e silia i le 30 miliona. A eseese tuufaatasi faatulagaina. O le mea lea, vailaau faatulagaina Latou ma sui o le vasega e sili ona tele o tuufaatasi vailaau. A eseese tuufaatasi faatulagaina e fesootai ma le meatotino tulaga ese ma fausaga Carbo. Carbo atoms tuaoi fesootai faatasi e tasi po o le tele o (lua, tolu) noataga.

vailaau faatulagaina. Kemisi.

tuufaatasi faatulagaina faamatalaina i le afioaga o le covalent noataga F-C, ma noataga covalent polar F-N, F-E, F -Hal, C- uamea, ma isi O le tali tutupu e aafia ai mea faatulagaina ai vaega faapitoa a faatusatusa atu i le minerale. I le tali o le tuufaatasi inorganic masani ions aafia. E masani lava e matua anapogi nei uiga faaalia, o nisi taimi vave i le vevela optimum. I le tali i le mea faatulagaina molecules aafia masani. E tatau ona faapea atu i lenei tulaga ua solia nisi noataga covalent, ma le isi o loo faapea ona faia. E masani lava, faagasolo sili atu lemu nei uiga faaalia, ma mo lo latou saoasaoa e talafeagai e faateleina ai le vevela po o le faaaoga se auala (acid po o le faavae).

O se auala o mea e faatulagaina i le natura? O le tele o tuufaatasi faatulagaina i synthesized masani i le faagasologa o le photosynthesis mai carbon karaponi ma le vai i le chlorophyll green o laau.

Vasega o tuufaatasi faatulagaina.

Faavasegaina o tuufaatasi faatulagaina e faavae i luga A. teori Butlerov. Le faavasegaina faiga o nomenclature faasaienisi faavae lea e mafai ai mea faatulagaina valaauga, e faavae i luga o le fua faatatau faatulagaga oi ai nei. O le faavasegaina o loo faavae i luga o vaega autu se lua - fausaga carbon skeletal, aofaiga ma tulaga o le vaega e faaaogaina i totonu o le molecule.

Carbon auivi - o fale o manu i le eseese o uiga faaalia vailaau o le molecules o vailaau faatulagaina. E faalagolago i lona faatulagaga, o loo vaevaeina mea faatulagaina uma i ni vaega.

E tuufaatasi acyclic aofia ai mea ma se filifili carbon saʻo po o branched. E tuufaatasi carbocyclic aofia ai mea i le taamilosaga, o loo vaevaeina i latou i subgroups lua - alicyclic ma ituaiga laau manogi. Heterocyclic tuufaatasi - mea faavae molecules lea loops faia e atoms ma carbonyl atoms o isi elemene vailaau (okesene, Nitrogen, teio) heteroatoms.

Foi, ua faavasegaina i mea faatulagaina le afioaga o le vaega e faaaogaina i lea o se vaega o le molecules. Mo se faataitaiga, vasega hydrocarbon (tuusaunoaga - i latou molecules vaega e faaaogaina i), phenols, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, amines, esters, acids carboxylic, ma isi E tatau ona manatua o le vaega e faaaogaina i taitasi (COOH, Oi, NH2, SH, NH, LEAI) fuafuaina e le meatotino physicochemical o le lotoa.