Acids meatotino vailaau

Acids taʻua tuufaatasi lavelave aofia atoms hydrogen mauaina o le tomai e tatau ona suia i atoms uamea, ma se totoe acid.

Acids e electrolytes. ua faamatalaina acids meatotino vailaau e latou tuufaatasiga.

Faavasega acid i luga o mafuaaga eseese:

1. E tusa ai o le aofai o atoms hydrogen.

2. E ala i le afioaga o le okesene.

3. E tusa ai ma le tulaga o le dissociation.

E tusa ai ma le aofai o atoms okesene (o lenei e faalagolago i le acids meatotino vailaau) ua vaevaeina i latou i anoxic (hydrogen sulfide, acid hydrochloric ma isi. D.) Ma le okesene-o loo i ai (nitric, sulfurous, ma t silicic. D.)

E tusa ai ma le aofai o atoms hydrogen o le acid o le:

- monobasic, o loo aofia ai atomu hydrogen (acid hydrochloric, acid nitric);

- dibasic o loo atoms hydrogen lua (acid sulfuric, sulphide hydrogen);

- tribasic o loo tolu atomu hydrogen (phosphoric).

A o vaega lona tolu o le acid ua vaevaeina i electrolytes vaivai (phosphoric, carbonic, ma isi D.) Ma electrolytes malosi (hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric).

acids meatotino vailaau

Le afioaga o le ions hydrogen i fofo acid fuafuaina lo latou siosiomaga acidic ma tofo oona. Ae peitai, e le mafai ona taumafai i luga o le laulaufaiva e mafai mu vailaau.

faailoga Litmus moli methyl ma suia lona lanu i lalo o le uunaiga a acids.

tali fofo āseta ma oxides faavae, e mafua i le faavaega o le masima ma le vai.

O le acids tali atu ma le uamea i le itu tauagavale o le elemene hydrogen i laina uʻamea volitiga. Le taunuuga o se uamea masima ma hydrogen.

O le acids tali atu ma le nofoaga autu. aumaia ai le tali a le masima, ma le vai. O le tali i le va o le acid ma alkali (faavae) ua taʻua neutralization tali.

O le acids tali ma le fofo masima, pe a le tulaga o tulai mai ma le faagasologa o le tali i le iuga o Ion fesuiaiga, i.e. a precipitate po o se kasa ua faamaloloina.

Le meatotino vailaau o acids faatulagaina ai o latou lava uiga.

Meatotino a acid phosphoric

Phosphoric acid ma lona fofo aqueous e tele acids vaivai e pei o nitric ma sulfuric. O lenei acid, i le faatulagaga lea e tolu atoms okesene. O se dissociation electrolytic o acid phosphoric e faia stepwise. acid masani - acid phosphoric, ua faamatalaina lona meatotino vailaau tuufaatasiga.

O le fofo o le acid phosphoric, ions phosphate dihydrogen i ai iina i le autu. Ions ua faia i le tulaga dissociation lona lua o le tele itiiti ifo, ma ions phosphate, o le taunuuga o le tulaga ionization lona tolu, e toetoe lava toesea. I se vaega muamua acid phosphoric - acid malosi auala. Talu ai e tolu ituaiga o toega acidic i le fesootaiga o le acid phosphoric ma le masima alkali ua faia e faapea: phosphates, phosphates ma dihydrogen phosphates hydrogen.

e mafai ona faailogaina acid Orthophosphoric mai le tasi i le isi e ala i le acid tali ma nitrate ario, lea ua faia se precipitate samasama. acids isi phosphorus fegalegaleai ma nitrate ario e fai ai se precipitate paepae. acid Orthophosphoric i faʻavevela ma avea ma acid pyrophosphoric cleaves vai.

meatotino vailaau o acid hydrochloric

acid Hydrochloric o se acid monobasic malosi ma le meatotino masani acids. Colorless teisi fuming fofo suavaia o chloride hydrogen i le vai. Masima o acid hydrochloric ua valaauina "chloride".

e mafai ona saunia acid Hydrochloric e le tali fofo o sodium chloride ma acid sulfuric, ma chloride hydrogen faataapeina i le vai. gaoioi le acid Hydrochloric ma se faavae, ma faapea ona fausia ai se masima ma le vai. E ala i le tali i le tali neutralization alkali tupu. E mafai ona faamaonia lenei faailoga. lona suiga lanu, fautuaina atu se tali e le faaituau.

O uiga faaalia o acid hydrochloric ma nitrate ario e taitai atu ai i le faavaega o masima insoluble - ario chloride lea precipitates.

gaoioi le acid Hydrochloric ma uʻamea malolosi. Afai e tuu i totonu o le fofo, metala paʻepaʻe, faavaeina toaaga amata ma le faamatuuina atu o hydrogen.

acid Hydrochloric o le acid masani, ona gaoioi ma nofoaga autu, uʻamea ma le masima.