Masima acid

Afai o le acid tasi po o le atoms hydrogen uma suia e se isi puipuiga, o sea vailaau vailaau taʻua o le masima. Uamea po o le vaega ammonium i se molecule lava i taimi uma se tulaga oxidation lelei ma ua valaauina cations. ua taʻua o totoe oʻona anion. Uma masima faia ma uʻamea e auai i le Vaega Ia o le laulau faavaitaimi, ua soluble. E tusa ai ma masima faia uʻamea vaega IIA, eseese lava latou solubility.

O loo i ai auala, pe afai e uma o le molecule hydrogen i le acid polybasic suia e se isi puipuiga, faapea foi ma masima acid, pe afai, i le faaopoopo atu i le uamea cations po ammonium o le taimi nei a hydrogen molia ai lava. E pei o se faataitaiga, e mafai ona taua masima masani:

- sulfate magnesium MgSO4;

- sulphate alumini Al2 (SO4) 3;

- phosphate ammonium (NH4) 3PO4;

- sodium Na2CO3 carbonate.

Dissociation o le masima auala e tupu i le cations lelei uamea ma le toega e acid anions lelei. masima averesi Faatulagaina maua mai se acid ma le igoa o lona puipuiga fausia.

ua faia masima oʻona e le suia vaega o hydrogen i se vaega uamea po o ammonium. O lea la, latou aofia ai o se uamea, hydrogen ma se totoe acid. e mafai ona latou faavaeina mo na acids polybasic. O faʻataitaiga o nei tuufaatasi:

- sodium carbonate hydrogen NaHCO3;

- sodium dihydrogenphosphate NaH2PO4;

- sodium hydrogenphosphate Na2HPO4;

- potassium KHSO4 sulfate hydrogen.

I lo latou perefisi igoa nei "suavai" (pe afai o se tasi puipuiga hydrogen unsubstituted) po o le "dihydro" (pe afai e lua unsubstituted cations hydrogen).

O tali aqueous o masima acid ua dissociated e anions le lelei i le tulaga o anions, faapea foi e lua ituaiga o cations lelei (ions uamea ma hydrogen): NaHSO4 ↔ NA + + H + + SO4ˉ ˉ. Hydrolysis masima acidic faia ma acids malosi, auala aqueous se TA e itiiti ifo nai lo 7, o lea le suafa o nei masima. O le hydrolysis o masima acid maua mai acids vaivai (f.t.t., hydrogen), o le vaifofo o le le mautonu pe alkaline, i.e. a TA a itiiti 7.

Afai e le mafai ona maua masima averesi o se taunuuga o fegalegaleaiga o le uamea ma le acid, ma isi auala, o le sauniuniga o le masima acid e faavae i luga o le tali i se sili o le:

• a acid polybasic ma se masima averesi. Faapea ona maua sodium hydrogensulfate: H2SO4 + Na2SO4 → 2NaHSO4, vai phosphate diammonium soluble (NH4) 2HPO4: H3PO4 + 2NH3 → (NH4) 2HPO4 po carbonate kalisiu: CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O → CA (HCO3) 2;

• a acid polybasic ma se alkali. Mo se faataitaiga, e faavae i luga o le mauaina o dihydrogen o barium faaupuga tali: 2H3PO4 + Ba (Oi) 2 → Ba (H2PO4) 2 + 2H2O. Uunaia le masima acid alkali, talu ai oi latou o ni oloa o le atoatoa neutralization mafai ona maua toe masima maualuga;

• oxide acidic ma ina carbonate kalisiu maua alkali: 2CO2 + CA (Oi) 2 → CA (HCO3) 2.

E iloa e le i ai hydrocarbons i le elemene, o loo feagai i le itu taumatau i le faavaitaimi Lisi Groups IIA, ma hydrocarbons mautu e na o mo le vaega elemene Ia.

ua lautele faaaogaina Leki i alamanuia eseese, ae o nisi faatonuga lautele o lo latou faaaogaina o le o taitoatasi uma. Faaaogāina o lenei ituaiga o masima e faalagolago i luga o le meatotino a tuufaatasi vailaau ma ua fuafuaina e le talafeagai o le tamaoaiga.

O lea la, mo se faataitaiga, hydrogenphosphate ammonium (NH4) 2HPO4 faaaoga o se fetilaisa lavelave phosphorus-ammonium i faatoaga. I le faaopoopo atu, o loo faaaogaina lenei lotoa i tau afi: o le afi puipuiga latou faagaoioia fausaga eseese. Foi, (NH4) 2HPO4 o loo faaaogaina e pei ona faaopoopo i le tuuina atu o togi nisi o sikaleti.

Sodium hydrosulfite faaaogaina NaHSO3 mo le bleaching eseese mea ma ata.

Kalisiu bisulfite CA (HSO3) 2 o se mea mata taua mo le tuuina atu o cellulose mai fafie.

Bisulfites e masima acidic o acid sulfurous, H2SO3, o se vaega o le epinephrine o fualaau oona, ma o loo faaaogaina i le paiolo molecular.

Hydrogensulfates e faaaoga KHSO4 ma potassium sodium NaHSO4 o se flux i metallurgy lē ferrous.

Sodium hydrogencarbonate NaHCO3 - mea, o le tele o le masima acid faaopoopo iloa. Lona faamalologa i Sterlitamak (o le kamupani "fefete") e tusa ai o fuafuaga auiliili faatulaga mai i totonu GOST 2156-76. o loo faaaogaina bicarbonate Sodium i le meaai, o vailaau ma alamanuia mo vailaau, i vailaau ma i le olaga i aso uma.